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The Ukrainian revolution of February 2014 (also known as the ''Euromaidan Revolution'' or ''Revolution of Dignity'' (ウクライナ語:Революція гідності)) took place after a series of violent events involving protesters, riot police and unknown shooters in capital Kiev that resulted in the ousting of the then President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26302277 )〕 This was immediately followed by a series of changes in quick succession in Ukraine's sociopolitical system, including the formation of a new interim government, the restoration of the previous constitution, and the call to hold impromptu presidential elections within months.〔 Since the break up of the Soviet Union, Ukraine had been mired by years of corruption, mismanagement, lack of economic growth, currency devaluation, and an inability to secure funding from public markets.〔(UAH 1.5 b in budget funds embezzled since year-start, interior minister says ), Interfax-Ukraine (18 June 2009)〕 Since 2004 Ukraine sought to establish closer relations with the European Union (EU) and Russia. One of these measures was an association agreement with the European Union which would provide Ukraine with funds contingent on reforms. Yanukovych ultimately refused to sign the agreement at the urging of Russia. Thereafter, Yanukovych signed a treaty and multibillion-dollar loan with Russia instead, which sparked civil unrest in Kiev that ultimately led to violent clashes as law enforcement troops cracked down on protesters. As tensions rose, Yanukovych fled the country to Russia and has not returned. After the 2014 revolution, Russia refused to recognize the new interim government, calling the revolution a "''coup d'état''" and initiated a covert invasion of the Crimean Peninsula in Ukraine. The newly appointed interim government of Ukraine signed the EU association agreement and committed to adopting reforms in its judiciary and political system, as well as in its financial and economic policies. The foreign investments came from the International Monetary Fund in the form of loans amounting to more than $18 billion contingent upon Ukraine adopting reforms. The revolution was followed by pro-Russian unrest in some south-eastern regions, a standoff with Russia regarding the annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol, and a war between the government and Russia-backed separatists in the Donbass. ==Overview== A period of relative calm in the anti-government demonstrations in Kiev ended abruptly on 18 February 2014, when protesters and police clashed. At least 82 people were killed over the following few days, including 13 policemen; more than 1,100 people were injured.〔,(Russian trained killers in kiev )〕 On that day, some 20,000 Euromaidan protesters advanced on Ukraine's parliament in support of restoring the Constitution of Ukraine to its 2004 form, which had been repealed by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine shortly after Viktor Yanukovych was elected president in 2010. Police blocked their path. The confrontation turned violent; the BBC, citing correspondents, stated that both sides blamed the other.〔 Police fired guns, with both rubber bullets and, later, live ammunition (including automatic weapons and sniper rifles), while also using tear gas and flash grenades in an attempt to repel thousands of demonstrators, who fought back with crude weapons, firearms, and improvised explosives.〔 Protesters broke into the headquarters of the Party of Regions. Police stormed the main protest camp on Maidan Nezalezhnosti and overran parts of the square. The Trade Unions Building, the Euromaidan headquarters, were burned down. Political commentators suggested that Ukraine was on the brink of a civil war. Some areas, including Lviv Oblast, declared themselves politically independent from the central government. On 19 February, the authorities instituted police checkpoints, restrictions on public transportation and school closures in Kiev, which media referred to as a ''de facto'' state of emergency. On 20 February, Minister of Internal Affairs Vitaliy Zakharchenko announced he had signed a decree authorising the use of live ammunition against protesters. Central Kiev saw the worst violence yet, and the death toll in 48 hours of clashes rose to at least 77.〔(Ukraine protests timeline ), BBC, 23 February 2014〕 In response, the next day, Chairman of the Ukrainian parliament Volodymyr Rybak announced he had signed a parliamentary decree, condemning the use of force and urging all institutions (Ministry of Internal Affairs, Cabinet of Ministers, etc.) to cease immediately all military actions against protesters. The Ukrainian parliament also suspended Zakharchenko from his duties. On 21 February, President Yanukovych signed a compromise deal with opposition leaders which would implement constitutional changes to hand powers back to parliament and early elections, to be held by December. Despite the agreement thousands still protested in central Kiev and took full control of the city's government district; the parliament, the president's administration quarters, the cabinet, and the Interior Ministry.〔()〕 On 21 February an impeachment bill was introduced in Ukrainian parliament,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України )〕 On 21 February Yanukovich left for Kharkiv to attend a summit of south-eastern regions, according to media reports. On 22 February, Parliament voted to declare that the chair of the President was now vacant due to the fact that Yanukovich left Ukraine and no longer exercises his duties. On 22 February, Parliament named its speaker Oleksandr Turchynov as interim president on 23 February. A warrant for the arrest of Yanukovych was issued by the new government on 24 February. During the next days in Crimea, Russian nationalist politicians and activists organised rallies and urged Russia to help defend Crimea from advancing "fascists" from the rest of Ukraine.〔(Crimea: Next flashpoint in Ukraine's crisis? ), BBC News (24 February 2014)〕 On 22 February, the protesters were reported to be in control of Kiev and President Viktor Yanukovych was reported to have fled the capital for eastern Ukraine. The Parliament, or Verkhovna Rada, voted 328–0 in favour of impeaching Yanukovych and scheduled new presidential elections for 25 May. On 28 February, President Yanukovych attended a press-conference in southern Russia and answered questions from mostly Russian reporters. He stated that in his opinion the early presidential elections to be held in late May were illegal and he "would not be participating in them". He also said that while it could calm the situation, 21 February agreement was not agreed to by the opposition. On 1 March, Russia's parliament approved a request from President Vladimir Putin to deploy Russian troops in Ukraine. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2014 Ukrainian revolution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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